Indus River System
Jan 2023|🟢Current|10 min read|139 entries
Key Takeaway
The Indus River gave rise to one of the most ancient human civilizations, the Indus Valley Civilization, and it is considered as one of the four cradles of human civilizations and has immense histo...
Indus River System(42)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Indus River SystemTable of ContentsBasic Facts About the Indus RiverMajor Tributaries of the Indus RiverJhelumChenabRaviBeasSutlejIndus Water TreatyPermanent Indus CommissionBasic Facts About the Indus RiverLength | 3180 km.2880 Km (for Kerala PSC) |
| Origin | Bokharchu Glacier, Kailash Mansarovar Range near Mansarovar Lake, Tibetan Plateau, China |
| Flows through | Countries – India (5%), China (2%) & Pakistan (93%) |
| Union Territory | Leh (Ladakh) |
| Merges into | Arabian Sea, Rann of Kutch, Pakistan |
| Only west-flowing Himalayan river | Indus |
| Rigvedic rivers which are collectively known as'Saptasindhu' | Saraswati, Beas, Ravi, Sutlej, Jhelum, Chenab & Indus |
| The longest river in the Indian subcontinent | Indus |
| The westernmost river system in the Indian subcontinent | Indus |
| The Indian river which forms deep gorges | Indus |
| The largest and longest river in Pakistan | Indus |
| Lifeline of Pakistan | Indus |
| National River of Pakistan | Indus |
| Epithets | Lifeline of Pakistan, Singi Khamban (in Tibet), Meghna, Abbasin (Father of all rivers), Shendu (in China) |
| Only Himalayan river that flows into the Arabian Sea | Indus |
| Cotton was believed to be cultivated for the first time in the basin of | Indus |
| Indus River enters India through | Shipki La Pass & Ladakh |
| The river which joins the Indus river before it enters Pakistan | Shyok |
| Nubra river drains into Shyok river at | Diskit village in Nubra |
| Nubra river originates from | Siachen glacier |
| The longest glacier in the Karakoram range | Siachen Glacier |
| Indus River enters Pakistan at the | Chillar (Dardistan region, Kashmir).near the Nanga Parbat |
| Major Citieson the banks of the Indus river | Leh (India), Sukkur & Hyderabad (Pakistan) |
| The only Indian city that is situated on the banks of river Indus | Leh (India) |
| Major Tributaries of Indus | 5 |
| The five major left-bank tributaries of the Indus River are known as | Panjnad (rivers of Punjab) |
| All 5 major tributaries of the Indus River join at | Mithankot (Pakistan) |
| Tributaries of Indus | Left Tributaries of Indus– Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, Chenab, Sutlej & Zaskar |
| Right Tributaries of Indus | Gilgit, Shyok, Gomal, Kabul river |
| Largest Tributary of the Indus River | Chenab |
| Longest Tributary of Indus in India | Sutlej |
| Smallest Tributary of Indus river | Beas |
| Southernmost Tributary of Indus river | Sutlej |
| The only tributary of the Indus that originates from Tibet | Sutlej |
| The only tributary of the Indus that flows fully through India | Beas |
| The tributary of the Indus river that originates from Kasmir | Jhelum |
| The tributaries of the Indus river that originate from Himachal Pradesh | Ravi, Beas, and Chenab.4 major tributaries of the Indus originate from India –Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, and Chenab |
| Other minor Tributaries of Indus | Dras, Balram, Suru, Gilgit, Hunza, Nubra, Swat Shyok, Zaskar, and Kabul river (also known as Kumbha in Rigveda) |
| The tributaries which join the Indus river in Kashmir are | Nubra, Shyok, Zaskar (Ladakh), Astor (Nanga Parbat) & Hunza |
| Archaeological sites | Mohenjo-Daro (Sindh, Pakistan) |
| Dams | Tarbela Dam (Pakistan),the largest earth-filled dam in the world |
| Pass that has been created by the Indus river | Banihal Pass (Jammu & Kashmir) |
Indus River SystemTable of ContentsBasic Facts About the Indus RiverMajor Tributaries of the Indus RiverJhelumChenabRaviBeasSutlejIndus Water TreatyPermanent Indus CommissionBasic Facts About the Indus RiverLength
3180 km.2880 Km (for Kerala PSC)
Origin
Bokharchu Glacier, Kailash Mansarovar Range near Mansarovar Lake, Tibetan Plateau, China
Flows through
Countries – India (5%), China (2%) & Pakistan (93%)
Union Territory
Leh (Ladakh)
Merges into
Arabian Sea, Rann of Kutch, Pakistan
Only west-flowing Himalayan river
Indus
Rigvedic rivers which are collectively known as'Saptasindhu'
Saraswati, Beas, Ravi, Sutlej, Jhelum, Chenab & Indus
The longest river in the Indian subcontinent
Indus
The westernmost river system in the Indian subcontinent
Indus
The Indian river which forms deep gorges
Indus
The largest and longest river in Pakistan
Indus
Lifeline of Pakistan
Indus
National River of Pakistan
Indus
Epithets
Lifeline of Pakistan, Singi Khamban (in Tibet), Meghna, Abbasin (Father of all rivers), Shendu (in China)
Only Himalayan river that flows into the Arabian Sea
Indus
Cotton was believed to be cultivated for the first time in the basin of
Indus
Indus River enters India through
Shipki La Pass & Ladakh
The river which joins the Indus river before it enters Pakistan
Shyok
Nubra river drains into Shyok river at
Diskit village in Nubra
Nubra river originates from
Siachen glacier
The longest glacier in the Karakoram range
Siachen Glacier
Indus River enters Pakistan at the
Chillar (Dardistan region, Kashmir).near the Nanga Parbat
Major Citieson the banks of the Indus river
Leh (India), Sukkur & Hyderabad (Pakistan)
The only Indian city that is situated on the banks of river Indus
Leh (India)
Major Tributaries of Indus
5
The five major left-bank tributaries of the Indus River are known as
Panjnad (rivers of Punjab)
All 5 major tributaries of the Indus River join at
Mithankot (Pakistan)
Tributaries of Indus
Left Tributaries of Indus– Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, Chenab, Sutlej & Zaskar
Right Tributaries of Indus
Gilgit, Shyok, Gomal, Kabul river
Largest Tributary of the Indus River
Chenab
Longest Tributary of Indus in India
Sutlej
Smallest Tributary of Indus river
Beas
Southernmost Tributary of Indus river
Sutlej
The only tributary of the Indus that originates from Tibet
Sutlej
The only tributary of the Indus that flows fully through India
Beas
The tributary of the Indus river that originates from Kasmir
Jhelum
The tributaries of the Indus river that originate from Himachal Pradesh
Ravi, Beas, and Chenab.4 major tributaries of the Indus originate from India –Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, and Chenab
Other minor Tributaries of Indus
Dras, Balram, Suru, Gilgit, Hunza, Nubra, Swat Shyok, Zaskar, and Kabul river (also known as Kumbha in Rigveda)
The tributaries which join the Indus river in Kashmir are
Nubra, Shyok, Zaskar (Ladakh), Astor (Nanga Parbat) & Hunza
Archaeological sites
Mohenjo-Daro (Sindh, Pakistan)
Dams
Tarbela Dam (Pakistan),the largest earth-filled dam in the world
Pass that has been created by the Indus river
Banihal Pass (Jammu & Kashmir)
Major Tributaries of the Indus River
The Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Satluj, and Beas are the six perennial rivers that make up the Indus river system.
Jhelum(15)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Length | 725 km |
| Origin | Verinag Spring,Anantnag district,Kashmir |
| Ancient Names | Vitasta (Rigveda), Hydaspes (Greek) |
| Tributaries | Kishanganga, Sandrin, Arapal, Sindh, Arapath, Bringi, Rambiara, Sukhnag, Liddar |
| The largest tributary of Jhelum | Neelum River/Kishanganga River |
| Srinagaris situated on the banks of | Jhelum |
| The westernmost and largest of the five rivers of Punjab | Jhelum |
| The tributary of River Indus which flows through theWular Lake | Jhelum |
| The largest freshwater lake in India is | Wular Lake (Jammu & Kashmir) |
| The only major Himalayan river that flows throughKashmir valley | Jhelum.On the banks of which river did the battle between Alexander and Porus occur – Jhelum |
| The river where theKishanganga hydroelectric projectis situated | Jhelum |
| Uri Dam of Jammu & Kashmiris located on the river | Jhelum |
| Uri hydroelectric projectis located on the | Jhelum river |
| The confluence of the Jhelum River and theChenabhappens at | Trimmu(Jhang District, Punjab) |
| Major Dams & Barrages | Mangla Dam, Tulbul Project, Rasul Barrage, Trimmu Barrage |
Length
725 km
Origin
Verinag Spring,Anantnag district,Kashmir
Ancient Names
Vitasta (Rigveda), Hydaspes (Greek)
Tributaries
Kishanganga, Sandrin, Arapal, Sindh, Arapath, Bringi, Rambiara, Sukhnag, Liddar
The largest tributary of Jhelum
Neelum River/Kishanganga River
Srinagaris situated on the banks of
Jhelum
The westernmost and largest of the five rivers of Punjab
Jhelum
The tributary of River Indus which flows through theWular Lake
Jhelum
The largest freshwater lake in India is
Wular Lake (Jammu & Kashmir)
The only major Himalayan river that flows throughKashmir valley
Jhelum.On the banks of which river did the battle between Alexander and Porus occur – Jhelum
The river where theKishanganga hydroelectric projectis situated
Jhelum
Uri Dam of Jammu & Kashmiris located on the river
Jhelum
Uri hydroelectric projectis located on the
Jhelum river
The confluence of the Jhelum River and theChenabhappens at
Trimmu(Jhang District, Punjab)
Major Dams & Barrages
Mangla Dam, Tulbul Project, Rasul Barrage, Trimmu Barrage
Chenab(14)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Length | 1180 km |
| Origin | Bara Lacha Pass, Himachal Pradesh |
| The largest tributary of the Indus river | Chenab |
| Ancient Names | Aksini (Rigveda), Iskmathi, Acensines (Greek), Chandrabhagh (Mahabharata), Krishana (Atharva Veda) |
| Major Tributaries | Tawi, Thirot, Sohal, Bhut nallah, Liddrari & Marusudar |
| The biggest tributary of the Chenab | Marusudar |
| The Chenab river empties into | Sutlej |
| After the confluence of Chenab and Sutlej, it becomes | Panjnad river |
| The city of Jammu is situated on the banks of | Tawi River |
| A river that bisects Jammu | Tawi River |
| The river which plays a crucial role in the epic love stories of Heer-Ranjha & Sohni-Mahiwal tales | Chenab |
| The world's highest rail bridge is | Chenab Bridge (Jammu & Kashmir) |
| The 900-MWBaglihar Hydroelectric Power Project of Jammu & Kashmiris on | Chenab |
| Major Dams & Barrages | Salal Dam, Pakal Dul Dam, Kiru Hydroelectric Project, Dul Hasti Hydroelectric Plant, Ratle Hydroelectric Plant |
Length
1180 km
Origin
Bara Lacha Pass, Himachal Pradesh
The largest tributary of the Indus river
Chenab
Ancient Names
Aksini (Rigveda), Iskmathi, Acensines (Greek), Chandrabhagh (Mahabharata), Krishana (Atharva Veda)
Major Tributaries
Tawi, Thirot, Sohal, Bhut nallah, Liddrari & Marusudar
The biggest tributary of the Chenab
Marusudar
The Chenab river empties into
Sutlej
After the confluence of Chenab and Sutlej, it becomes
Panjnad river
The city of Jammu is situated on the banks of
Tawi River
A river that bisects Jammu
Tawi River
The river which plays a crucial role in the epic love stories of Heer-Ranjha & Sohni-Mahiwal tales
Chenab
The world's highest rail bridge is
Chenab Bridge (Jammu & Kashmir)
The 900-MWBaglihar Hydroelectric Power Project of Jammu & Kashmiris on
Chenab
Major Dams & Barrages
Salal Dam, Pakal Dul Dam, Kiru Hydroelectric Project, Dul Hasti Hydroelectric Plant, Ratle Hydroelectric Plant
Ravi(15)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Length | 720 km |
| Origin | Near Rohtang Pass, Himachal Pradesh |
| Ancient Names | Parushni (Rigveda), Airavati, Hydraotes (Greek) |
| Epithet | River of Lahore |
| The Lahore city of Pakistan is situated on the banks of | Ravi |
| Name the major tributary of Indus that originates in the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh | Ravi |
| The location at which, thetricolor of freedom was hoisted by Jawaharlal Nehruafter the Lahore Congress session of 1929 | on the banks of River Ravi (Lahore) |
| The congress session that passed the Purna Swaraj resolution | Lahore session of 1929 |
| Major Tributaries | Budhil, Nai or Dhona, Seul, Ujh |
| The biggest tributary of the Ravi river is | Ujh River |
| Major Dams | Thein Dam or Ranjit Sagar Dam, Shahpurkandi Dam Project |
| River Ravi confluences withChenabat | Bahawalpur (Pakistan) |
| The Battle of the Ten Kings (Dasarajana Yuddha) mentioned in the Rigveda was fought on the banks of | Ravi |
| The tombs ofMughal Emperor Jahangir and his wife Noor Jahanare located on the banks of | River Ravi |
| Archaeological site situated on the banks of River Ravi | Harappa |
Length
720 km
Origin
Near Rohtang Pass, Himachal Pradesh
Ancient Names
Parushni (Rigveda), Airavati, Hydraotes (Greek)
Epithet
River of Lahore
The Lahore city of Pakistan is situated on the banks of
Ravi
Name the major tributary of Indus that originates in the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh
Ravi
The location at which, thetricolor of freedom was hoisted by Jawaharlal Nehruafter the Lahore Congress session of 1929
on the banks of River Ravi (Lahore)
The congress session that passed the Purna Swaraj resolution
Lahore session of 1929
Major Tributaries
Budhil, Nai or Dhona, Seul, Ujh
The biggest tributary of the Ravi river is
Ujh River
Major Dams
Thein Dam or Ranjit Sagar Dam, Shahpurkandi Dam Project
River Ravi confluences withChenabat
Bahawalpur (Pakistan)
The Battle of the Ten Kings (Dasarajana Yuddha) mentioned in the Rigveda was fought on the banks of
Ravi
The tombs ofMughal Emperor Jahangir and his wife Noor Jahanare located on the banks of
River Ravi
Archaeological site situated on the banks of River Ravi
Harappa
Beas(12)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Length | 470 km |
| Origin | Beas Kund NearRohtang Passon the southern end of the Pir Panjal Range ofHimachal Pradesh |
| The smallest tributary of the Indus river | Beas |
| The only tributary of the river Indus, which flows fully in India (originates and falls in India) | Beas |
| The only tributary of the Indus that doesn't flow towards Pakistan | Beas |
| Ancient Names | Vipasa (Rigveda), Arjiki / Arjikiya (Vedas), Hyphasis (Greek) |
| Major Tributaries | Bain, Banganga, Luni and Uhal |
| Major Dams | Pong dam, Pandoh Dam |
| The river that is responsible for the formation of Kullu Valley | Beas |
| Kullu, Manali, and Kangra Valleys are located in the | Middle Himalayas/ Lesser Himalayas in Himachal |
| Valley of Gods | Kulu Valley |
| The river Beas joins Sutlej at | Harike (Punjab) |
Length
470 km
Origin
Beas Kund NearRohtang Passon the southern end of the Pir Panjal Range ofHimachal Pradesh
The smallest tributary of the Indus river
Beas
The only tributary of the river Indus, which flows fully in India (originates and falls in India)
Beas
The only tributary of the Indus that doesn't flow towards Pakistan
Beas
Ancient Names
Vipasa (Rigveda), Arjiki / Arjikiya (Vedas), Hyphasis (Greek)
Major Tributaries
Bain, Banganga, Luni and Uhal
Major Dams
Pong dam, Pandoh Dam
The river that is responsible for the formation of Kullu Valley
Beas
Kullu, Manali, and Kangra Valleys are located in the
Middle Himalayas/ Lesser Himalayas in Himachal
Valley of Gods
Kulu Valley
The river Beas joins Sutlej at
Harike (Punjab)
Sutlej(18)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Length | 1450 km |
| Origin | Lake Rakshastal (Rakas Lake) near Lake Manasarovarand Mount Kailash, in Western TibetEpithets– Red River,Ancient Names –Hesidros / Zaradros (Ancient Greek), Shutudri or Shatadru (Sanskrit, Rigveda)Southernmost Tributary of Indus river – Sutlej |
| Easternmost tributary of the Indus River | Sutlej |
| Longest Tributary of Indus in India | Sutlej |
| Only tributary of the Indus which originates from Tibet | Sutlej |
| The longest river in Punjab | Sutlej |
| Sutlej enters India through the | Shipki la pass |
| Sutlej passes through the states of | Himachal Pradesh & Punjab |
| Sutlej meets Indus at | Mithankot in Pakistan |
| Major Tributaries | Baspa River, Spiti River, the Nogli Khad, Chitti Bein, and Soan River |
| Major Cities | Ludhiana, Ferozepur |
| Major Dams | Bhakra Nangal Dam,Nathpa-Jhakri DamThe largest dam in India –Bhakra Nangal Dam |
| The reservoir built by Bhakra Dam | Guru Gobind Sagar Lake |
| Indira Gandhi Canalbegins at | Harike Barrage,at the confluence of River Beas & Sutlej.originally known as the Rajasthan Canal.renamed as the Indira Gandhi Canal on November 2,1984 |
| The longest Canal in India is | Indira Gandhi Canal (650 km) |
| Provides irrigation facilities mainly for | Rajasthan, Punjab & Haryana |
| Name the canal system connecting the Sutlej with the Yamuna River | Sutlej Yamuna Link Canal (SYL) |
| Archaeological sites | Ropar |
Length
1450 km
Origin
Lake Rakshastal (Rakas Lake) near Lake Manasarovarand Mount Kailash, in Western TibetEpithets– Red River,Ancient Names –Hesidros / Zaradros (Ancient Greek), Shutudri or Shatadru (Sanskrit, Rigveda)Southernmost Tributary of Indus river – Sutlej
Easternmost tributary of the Indus River
Sutlej
Longest Tributary of Indus in India
Sutlej
Only tributary of the Indus which originates from Tibet
Sutlej
The longest river in Punjab
Sutlej
Sutlej enters India through the
Shipki la pass
Sutlej passes through the states of
Himachal Pradesh & Punjab
Sutlej meets Indus at
Mithankot in Pakistan
Major Tributaries
Baspa River, Spiti River, the Nogli Khad, Chitti Bein, and Soan River
Major Cities
Ludhiana, Ferozepur
Major Dams
Bhakra Nangal Dam,Nathpa-Jhakri DamThe largest dam in India –Bhakra Nangal Dam
The reservoir built by Bhakra Dam
Guru Gobind Sagar Lake
Indira Gandhi Canalbegins at
Harike Barrage,at the confluence of River Beas & Sutlej.originally known as the Rajasthan Canal.renamed as the Indira Gandhi Canal on November 2,1984
The longest Canal in India is
Indira Gandhi Canal (650 km)
Provides irrigation facilities mainly for
Rajasthan, Punjab & Haryana
Name the canal system connecting the Sutlej with the Yamuna River
Sutlej Yamuna Link Canal (SYL)
Archaeological sites
Ropar
Indus Water Treaty(5)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Date | Sept. 19, 1960 (Karachi) |
| Signed Between | India& Pakistan |
| Brokered by | World Bank |
| Name the three western rivers allocated to Pakistan | Indus, Chenab & Jhelum |
| Name the three eastern rivers on which India has complete control | Ravi, Beas & Sutlej |
Date
Sept. 19, 1960 (Karachi)
Signed Between
India& Pakistan
Brokered by
World Bank
Name the three western rivers allocated to Pakistan
Indus, Chenab & Jhelum
Name the three eastern rivers on which India has complete control
Ravi, Beas & Sutlej
đź“ťSideNotes(18)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| In terms of Waterbodies | Tributary– a freshwater river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake or other body of water |
| Longest Tributary | A tributary whose length is maximum |
| Largest Tributary | A tributary that discharges the maximum amount of watereg: Amazon– The largest river in the world while the Nile is the longest river in the world |
| Indian Subcontinent | the geographic region of Southern Asia which consists of at least 7 countries namely, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives |
| Mohenjodarowas discovered by | R. D. Banerji (1922) |
| Harappawas discovered by | Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni (1921) |
| Dholavirawas discovered by | J. P. Joshi (1967-68) |
| The largest river in India | Brahmaputra |
| The longest river in India | Ganga |
| The longest river in peninsular India | Godavari |
| Capitals of Ladakh | Leh(for PSC) |
| Summer capital | Leh |
| Winter capital | Kargil |
| Punjab in the Persian language means 'Land of Five Rivers.'Bhakra Dam | Himachal Pradesh,Nangal Dam– Punjab |
| Bara Lacha pass connects | Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Leh (Ladakh) |
| Kumaun Himalayas | west-central section of the Himalayas in northern India, extending 200 miles from the Sutlej River east to the Kali River. It is bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Nepal, on the south by the state of Uttar Pradesh, and on the west by the Garhwal region |
| The tallest dam in India | Tehri dam |
| The Longest dam in India | Hirakud dam |
In terms of Waterbodies
Tributary– a freshwater river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake or other body of water
Longest Tributary
A tributary whose length is maximum
Largest Tributary
A tributary that discharges the maximum amount of watereg: Amazon– The largest river in the world while the Nile is the longest river in the world
Indian Subcontinent
the geographic region of Southern Asia which consists of at least 7 countries namely, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives
Mohenjodarowas discovered by
R. D. Banerji (1922)
Harappawas discovered by
Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni (1921)
Dholavirawas discovered by
J. P. Joshi (1967-68)
The largest river in India
Brahmaputra
The longest river in India
Ganga
The longest river in peninsular India
Godavari
Capitals of Ladakh
Leh(for PSC)
Summer capital
Leh
Winter capital
Kargil
Punjab in the Persian language means 'Land of Five Rivers.'Bhakra Dam
Himachal Pradesh,Nangal Dam– Punjab
Bara Lacha pass connects
Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Leh (Ladakh)
Kumaun Himalayas
west-central section of the Himalayas in northern India, extending 200 miles from the Sutlej River east to the Kali River. It is bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Nepal, on the south by the state of Uttar Pradesh, and on the west by the Garhwal region
The tallest dam in India
Tehri dam
The Longest dam in India
Hirakud dam