Vitamins | Biology Notes

Jan 2020|🟢Current|3 min read|28 entries

Key Takeaway

Vitamins are essential nutrients and organic compounds found in foods that are crucial for maintaining proper health & functioning of the body.The term "Vitamin" was derivedfrom the word "vitamine"...

Last verified: 12 Feb 2026·Source: www.pscarivukal.com

Vitamins | Biology Notes(28)

Item	Detail
Excesses of these vitamins are stored in the liver and are not needed every day in the diet. They are:Vitamin A	Retinol – Night Blindness, Xerophthalmia, Rough & Dry SkinVitamin D – Calciferol – Rickets, OsteomalaciaVitamin E – Tocopherol – Mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants
Vitamin K	Phylloquinone – Delay in Blood ClottingWater-soluble VitaminsNinewater-soluble vitamins — vitamin B-complex group and vitamin C — are found in the human diet:Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) –Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff SyndromeVitamin B2 (Riboflavin) –AriboflavinosisVitamin B3 (Niacin) –PellagraVitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) –ParesthesiaVitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) –AnaemiaVitamin B7 (Biotin) –Dermatitis, EnteritisVitamin B9 (Folic Acid) –Malnutrition in the growth and development of the fetus during PregnancyVitamin B12 (Cobalamin) –Pernicious anemia ( a type ofMegaloblastic anemia)Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) –ScurvyVitamins, Sources & their functionsProvitamin:any ingested substance that an organism can transform into a vitamin
Vitamins, Year of Discovery & Discovered ByYearVitaminDiscovered by1912Vitamin AFrederick Gowland Hopkins1910Vitamin B1Casimir Funk1920Vitamin CAlbert Szent-Györgyi1920Vitamin DSir Edward Mellanby1920Vitamin B2Alexander Wynter Blyth1922Vitamin EHerbert McLean Evans1929Vitamin K1Henrik Dam1931Vitamin B5Roger J. Williams1931Vitamin B7Vincent du Vigneaud1934Vitamin B6Paul György1936Vitamin B3Conrad Arnold Elvehjem1941Vitamin B9Lucy Wills1948Vitamin B12Various scientists📝Read More:Repeated PSC Questions on Vitamins.📝 SideNotes:Father of vitamin therapy	Casimir Funk
Disease that used to be known as "the English Disease"	Rickets
The organ which stores fat-soluble vitamins	Liver
First artificially developed Vitamin	Vitamin C
Vitamin known as Sunshine Vitamin	Vitamin D
Another name of Vitamin H	Vitamin B7
Vitamin known as Fresh Food Vitamin and Anti Cancer Vitamin	Vitamin C
Vitamin produces collagen	Vitamin C
Vitamin produces melanin	Vitamin C & E
Which disease is also known as Sailor Plague	Scurvy
The overdose of which vitamin causes Liver damage	Vitamin B3
The presence of cobalt in vitamin B12 was established for the first time by	Borax-Bead test
Test for Night Blindness	Rose Bengal Test
Vitamin used for ELISA test (AIDS)	Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Vitamin that helps in the absorption of Calcium	Vitamin D
Vitamin that helps in healing wound	Vitamin C
Vitamin that helps in blood clotting	Vitamin K
The structure analog of vitamin K, which is used as an anticoagulant	Warfarin
Vitamin is also called as Pyridoxine	Vitamin B6
Pyridoxineis a mix of how many derivatives	3 (Pyridoxal, Pyridoxine & Pyridoxamine)
Deficiency of vitamin B6 causes	Eczema
Deficiency of which vitamin causes Cerebral Hemorrhage	Vitamin K
The deficiency of which group of vitamins affects the skin	Vitamin B (Riboflavin, Niacin, Pyridoxine, Pantothenic Acid)
Overdose of which vitamin causes the diseaseHypervitaminosis (abnormally high storage levels of vitamins which leads to toxicity)	Vitamin A
Vitamin that slows down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease	Vitamin B
Vitamin that serves as a hormone precursor	Vitamin D.A deficiency which vitamin causes Bowlegs, knocknee and pigeon chest in children–Vitamin D

Excesses of these vitamins are stored in the liver and are not needed every day in the diet. They are:Vitamin A

Retinol – Night Blindness, Xerophthalmia, Rough & Dry SkinVitamin D – Calciferol – Rickets, OsteomalaciaVitamin E – Tocopherol – Mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants

Vitamin K

Phylloquinone – Delay in Blood ClottingWater-soluble VitaminsNinewater-soluble vitamins — vitamin B-complex group and vitamin C — are found in the human diet:Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) –Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff SyndromeVitamin B2 (Riboflavin) –AriboflavinosisVitamin B3 (Niacin) –PellagraVitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) –ParesthesiaVitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) –AnaemiaVitamin B7 (Biotin) –Dermatitis, EnteritisVitamin B9 (Folic Acid) –Malnutrition in the growth and development of the fetus during PregnancyVitamin B12 (Cobalamin) –Pernicious anemia ( a type ofMegaloblastic anemia)Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) –ScurvyVitamins, Sources & their functionsProvitamin:any ingested substance that an organism can transform into a vitamin

Vitamins, Year of Discovery & Discovered ByYearVitaminDiscovered by1912Vitamin AFrederick Gowland Hopkins1910Vitamin B1Casimir Funk1920Vitamin CAlbert Szent-Györgyi1920Vitamin DSir Edward Mellanby1920Vitamin B2Alexander Wynter Blyth1922Vitamin EHerbert McLean Evans1929Vitamin K1Henrik Dam1931Vitamin B5Roger J. Williams1931Vitamin B7Vincent du Vigneaud1934Vitamin B6Paul György1936Vitamin B3Conrad Arnold Elvehjem1941Vitamin B9Lucy Wills1948Vitamin B12Various scientists📝Read More:Repeated PSC Questions on Vitamins.📝 SideNotes:Father of vitamin therapy

Casimir Funk

Disease that used to be known as "the English Disease"

Rickets

The organ which stores fat-soluble vitamins

Liver

First artificially developed Vitamin

Vitamin C

Vitamin known as Sunshine Vitamin

Vitamin D

Another name of Vitamin H

Vitamin B7

Vitamin known as Fresh Food Vitamin and Anti Cancer Vitamin

Vitamin C

Vitamin produces collagen

Vitamin C

Vitamin produces melanin

Vitamin C & E

Which disease is also known as Sailor Plague

Scurvy

The overdose of which vitamin causes Liver damage

Vitamin B3

The presence of cobalt in vitamin B12 was established for the first time by

Borax-Bead test

Test for Night Blindness

Rose Bengal Test

Vitamin used for ELISA test (AIDS)

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

Vitamin that helps in the absorption of Calcium

Vitamin D

Vitamin that helps in healing wound

Vitamin C

Vitamin that helps in blood clotting

Vitamin K

The structure analog of vitamin K, which is used as an anticoagulant

Warfarin

Vitamin is also called as Pyridoxine

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxineis a mix of how many derivatives

3 (Pyridoxal, Pyridoxine & Pyridoxamine)

Deficiency of vitamin B6 causes

Eczema

Deficiency of which vitamin causes Cerebral Hemorrhage

Vitamin K

The deficiency of which group of vitamins affects the skin

Vitamin B (Riboflavin, Niacin, Pyridoxine, Pantothenic Acid)

Overdose of which vitamin causes the diseaseHypervitaminosis (abnormally high storage levels of vitamins which leads to toxicity)

Vitamin A

Vitamin that slows down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Vitamin B

Vitamin that serves as a hormone precursor

Vitamin D.A deficiency which vitamin causes Bowlegs, knocknee and pigeon chest in children–Vitamin D

Vitamins | Biology Notes

Key Takeaway

Vitamins | Biology Notes(28)

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