The Portuguese: Arrival of Europeans
Jul 2022|🟢Current|14 min read|185 entries
Key Takeaway
During the ancient and medieval periods, India was a key commercial destination for many European countries.
The Portuguese: Arrival of Europeans
During the ancient and medieval periods, India was a key commercial destination for many European countries.
With the fall ofConstantinople by the Ottoman Turks led by Sultan Mehmed II in 1453,the Turks began demanding exorbitant fees for eastern commodities. As a result, the Europeans' land trading routes became nearly inaccessible.
Pope Alexander VI, the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States, encouraged finding a route to India and specifically authorized the Portuguese to carry out such a mission.
This, in turn, led toVasco da Gama's discovery of a commercial sea route to India onMay 20, 1498,when he arrived at Kappad, Kozhikode.
Prior to the arrival of the Portuguese, there were already established trading relations between Arabs and Kerala.
The advent of the Portuguese and their attempt to monopolize the spices trade and their unmitigated and wanton barbarism towards the natives brought many conflicts between the Portuguese, the local rulers and the Arab traders.
Let us have a look at the Portuguese history of Kerala, the battles they fought, their contributions, and so on for the Kerala PSC examinations.
Basic Facts(29)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| The first Europeans who arrived in India for trade by the sea | Portuguese |
| The first Catholic country to establish trade relations with India | Portugal |
| The first foreign power to exert dominance in India | Portuguese |
| The last Europeans to leave India | Portuguese |
| The European forces that remained in India the longest | Portuguese |
| The Portuguese's rule in India lasted for | 463 years (1498-1961) |
| Headquarters | Goa |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| The major colonies of the Portuguese in India | Goa, Daman, Diu |
| The European forces who were known as 'Parangis' | Portuguese |
| First Portuguese sailor to circumnavigate Africa's 'Cape of Good Hope' | Bartholomew Diaz (1488) |
| First European & Portuguese citizen to reach India | Vasco da Gama |
| The first fort in India was built by the | Portuguese |
| The first foreign power to build a fort in Kochi | Portuguese |
| Name the first fort built in India by Europeans | Manual fort (Kochi, September 27, 1503) |
| The first fort built by Europeans in India | Manual fort |
| Oldest European structure in India | Manual fort |
| The Portuguese ruler who built the Manual fort | Manual I |
| Other names of Manual fort | Pallipuram Kota, Vypin Kota, Ayakotta |
| Two main forts built by the Portuguese in India | St. Angelo Fort (Kannur) & Kodungallur Fort (Kottapuram) |
| The first to built granite forts in Kerala | Portuguese |
| The place where the Portuguese set up their first factory in India | Calicut (1500) |
| The First European factory in India was established at | Calicut |
| The place where the Portuguese set up their second factory in India | Kochi (1501) |
| The local king who was given the title of 'military brother of the King of Portugal' | King of Purannadu |
| The territory of India which was given as the dowry by the King of Portugal to Charles II of England | Bombay (1661) |
| A book written by Sheikh Zainuddin on Portuguese atrocities in Kerala | Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen |
| The person who recorded Portuguese history in India | James Correa |
| The European forces who defeated the Portuguese and captured Kochi | The Dutch (1663) |
The first Europeans who arrived in India for trade by the sea
Portuguese
The first Catholic country to establish trade relations with India
Portugal
The first foreign power to exert dominance in India
Portuguese
The last Europeans to leave India
Portuguese
The European forces that remained in India the longest
Portuguese
The Portuguese's rule in India lasted for
463 years (1498-1961)
Headquarters
Goa
Religion
Roman Catholic
The major colonies of the Portuguese in India
Goa, Daman, Diu
The European forces who were known as 'Parangis'
Portuguese
First Portuguese sailor to circumnavigate Africa's 'Cape of Good Hope'
Bartholomew Diaz (1488)
First European & Portuguese citizen to reach India
Vasco da Gama
The first fort in India was built by the
Portuguese
The first foreign power to build a fort in Kochi
Portuguese
Name the first fort built in India by Europeans
Manual fort (Kochi, September 27, 1503)
The first fort built by Europeans in India
Manual fort
Oldest European structure in India
Manual fort
The Portuguese ruler who built the Manual fort
Manual I
Other names of Manual fort
Pallipuram Kota, Vypin Kota, Ayakotta
Two main forts built by the Portuguese in India
St. Angelo Fort (Kannur) & Kodungallur Fort (Kottapuram)
The first to built granite forts in Kerala
Portuguese
The place where the Portuguese set up their first factory in India
Calicut (1500)
The First European factory in India was established at
Calicut
The place where the Portuguese set up their second factory in India
Kochi (1501)
The local king who was given the title of 'military brother of the King of Portugal'
King of Purannadu
The territory of India which was given as the dowry by the King of Portugal to Charles II of England
Bombay (1661)
A book written by Sheikh Zainuddin on Portuguese atrocities in Kerala
Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen
The person who recorded Portuguese history in India
James Correa
The European forces who defeated the Portuguese and captured Kochi
The Dutch (1663)
Vasco Da Gama(23)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| First European to reach India by sea | Vasco da Gama (~29 years old) |
| First Portuguese traveler who came to India through Cape of Good Hope | Vasco da Gama |
| The Gujarati trader who helped Vasco Da Gama to reach India | Abdul Manik |
| Supreme Commander/Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Ocean | Vasco da Gama |
| The title 'Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Ocean' was given to Vasco da Gama by | Portuguese King Manual I |
| Total no. of India visits by Vasco da Gama | 3 |
| Vasco da Gama started his journey to India from | Lisbon (1497) |
| Capital and the largest city of Portugal | Lisbon |
| The Portuguese king who sent Vasco da Gama to India | Manual I |
| Vasco da Gama'sFirst Visitto India was on | 1498 May 20 |
| Name of the ship on which Vasco da Gama came | St. Gabriel / São Gabriel |
| Name the other ships in Vasco da Gama's fleet | São Rafael & São Miguel (nickname: Berrio) |
| The year in which Vasco da Gama returned to Lisbon (Portugal) | 1499 |
| Name the product that Vasco da Gama brought back to Portugal upon his return | Black Pepper |
| Vasco da Gama'ssecond visitto India was in | 1502 |
| A license system established in 1502 to oversee and maintain the Portuguese commercial monopoly in the Indian Ocean | Cartaz System |
| Name the Portuguese entrance tax system, which required all ships must pay at entering ports | Feitorias System |
| Vasco da Gama'sthird and final visitto India was in | 1524 |
| The year Vasco da Gama arrived in India as the6th Portuguese Viceroy | 1524 |
| Vasco da Gama died in the year | December 24, 1524 (Kochi,~65 years old) |
| The church in Kerala where Vasco da Gama's body was buried | St. Francis Church |
| The year in which Vasco da Gama's remains were moved from Kochi to Portugal in | 1539 |
| The Portuguese cemetery where Vasco da Gama's body was buried | Jeronimus Cathedral (Lisbon) |
First European to reach India by sea
Vasco da Gama (~29 years old)
First Portuguese traveler who came to India through Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama
The Gujarati trader who helped Vasco Da Gama to reach India
Abdul Manik
Supreme Commander/Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Ocean
Vasco da Gama
The title 'Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Ocean' was given to Vasco da Gama by
Portuguese King Manual I
Total no. of India visits by Vasco da Gama
3
Vasco da Gama started his journey to India from
Lisbon (1497)
Capital and the largest city of Portugal
Lisbon
The Portuguese king who sent Vasco da Gama to India
Manual I
Vasco da Gama'sFirst Visitto India was on
1498 May 20
Name of the ship on which Vasco da Gama came
St. Gabriel / São Gabriel
Name the other ships in Vasco da Gama's fleet
São Rafael & São Miguel (nickname: Berrio)
The year in which Vasco da Gama returned to Lisbon (Portugal)
1499
Name the product that Vasco da Gama brought back to Portugal upon his return
Black Pepper
Vasco da Gama'ssecond visitto India was in
1502
A license system established in 1502 to oversee and maintain the Portuguese commercial monopoly in the Indian Ocean
Cartaz System
Name the Portuguese entrance tax system, which required all ships must pay at entering ports
Feitorias System
Vasco da Gama'sthird and final visitto India was in
1524
The year Vasco da Gama arrived in India as the6th Portuguese Viceroy
1524
Vasco da Gama died in the year
December 24, 1524 (Kochi,~65 years old)
The church in Kerala where Vasco da Gama's body was buried
St. Francis Church
The year in which Vasco da Gama's remains were moved from Kochi to Portugal in
1539
The Portuguese cemetery where Vasco da Gama's body was buried
Jeronimus Cathedral (Lisbon)
Pedro Álvares Cabral(30)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| The second Portuguese traveler to reach Kerala | Pedro Álvares Cabral ( Sep 13, 1500) |
| The Portuguese sailor who came to India as the successor of Vasco da Gama | Pedro Álvares Cabral |
| The Viceroy of Portugal who established warehouses in Kochi | Álvares Cabral |
| The Portuguese Viceroy who set up factories at Kochi & Cannanore | Álvares Cabral |
| Francisco de Almeida (1505 | 1509) |
| First Portuguese Viceroy in India | Francisco de Almeida |
| First European Viceroy in India | Francisco de Almeida |
| First Portuguese Viceroy in the East | Francisco de Almeida |
| The first person to visit India as the King of Portugal's representative | Francisco de Almeida |
| The Portuguese Viceroy who adopted theBlue Water Policy | Francisco de Almeida |
| Blue Water Policy | The policy to increase Portuguese trade by establishing maritime supremacy by building a strong navy |
| St. Angelo's Fort in Kannur was built by | Francisco de Almeida (1505) |
| Alfonso de Albuquerque (1509 | 1515) |
| Second Portuguese Viceroy in India | Alfonso de Albuquerque |
| Second European Viceroy in India | Alfonso de Albuquerque |
| The most famous Portuguese viceroy to India | Alfonso de Albuquerque |
| The Portuguese who is considered as thereal founder of the Portuguese colonial empire in India | Alfonso de Albuquerque |
| The year in which the Portuguese conquered Goa | A.D. 1510 |
| The Viceroy who led the capture of Goa | Albuquerque |
| The Portuguese captured Goa from | Yusuf Adilshah, Sultan of Bijapur |
| The Viceroy shifted the Portuguese headquarters from Kochi to Goa | Albuquerque |
| The first Governor of Goa | Albuquerque* |
| The Portuguese viceroy who worked with the aim of destroying the naval power of the Zamorin of Kozhikode | Alfonso de Albuquerque |
| The Portuguese viceroy attacked the city of Kozhikode | Albuquerque |
| The Viceroy who led the Portuguese colonization in India | Albuquerque |
| The Portuguese viceroy who encouraged a mixed colonial system (marriage between the Portuguese and the Indians) | Albuquerque |
| The Viceroy who led Portuguese colonization in India | Albuquerque |
| The Portuguese Viceroy who abolished Sati in Portuguese territories | Albuquerque |
| Thomas Fort of Tangasseri, Kollam was built by the Portuguese under the leadership of | Albuquerque |
| The Portuguese Viceroy who died in 1515, in Goa | Albuquerque |
The second Portuguese traveler to reach Kerala
Pedro Álvares Cabral ( Sep 13, 1500)
The Portuguese sailor who came to India as the successor of Vasco da Gama
Pedro Álvares Cabral
The Viceroy of Portugal who established warehouses in Kochi
Álvares Cabral
The Portuguese Viceroy who set up factories at Kochi & Cannanore
Álvares Cabral
Francisco de Almeida (1505
1509)
First Portuguese Viceroy in India
Francisco de Almeida
First European Viceroy in India
Francisco de Almeida
First Portuguese Viceroy in the East
Francisco de Almeida
The first person to visit India as the King of Portugal's representative
Francisco de Almeida
The Portuguese Viceroy who adopted theBlue Water Policy
Francisco de Almeida
Blue Water Policy
The policy to increase Portuguese trade by establishing maritime supremacy by building a strong navy
St. Angelo's Fort in Kannur was built by
Francisco de Almeida (1505)
Alfonso de Albuquerque (1509
1515)
Second Portuguese Viceroy in India
Alfonso de Albuquerque
Second European Viceroy in India
Alfonso de Albuquerque
The most famous Portuguese viceroy to India
Alfonso de Albuquerque
The Portuguese who is considered as thereal founder of the Portuguese colonial empire in India
Alfonso de Albuquerque
The year in which the Portuguese conquered Goa
A.D. 1510
The Viceroy who led the capture of Goa
Albuquerque
The Portuguese captured Goa from
Yusuf Adilshah, Sultan of Bijapur
The Viceroy shifted the Portuguese headquarters from Kochi to Goa
Albuquerque
The first Governor of Goa*
Albuquerque
The Portuguese viceroy who worked with the aim of destroying the naval power of the Zamorin of Kozhikode
Alfonso de Albuquerque
The Portuguese viceroy attacked the city of Kozhikode
Albuquerque
The Viceroy who led the Portuguese colonization in India
Albuquerque
The Portuguese viceroy who encouraged a mixed colonial system (marriage between the Portuguese and the Indians)
Albuquerque
The Viceroy who led Portuguese colonization in India
Albuquerque
The Portuguese Viceroy who abolished Sati in Portuguese territories
Albuquerque
Thomas Fort of Tangasseri, Kollam was built by the Portuguese under the leadership of
Albuquerque
The Portuguese Viceroy who died in 1515, in Goa
Albuquerque
* Time-sensitive data — verify for latest information
Henrique de Meneses(13)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Viceroy of Portugal from 1524 to 1526 | Henrique de Meneses |
| Zamorin of Kozhikode (1124 AD | 1806 AD) |
| The dynasty which ruled Kozhikode at the time of arrival of the Portuguese | Nediyiruppu Swaroopam |
| The rulers of Kozhikode are known as | Zamorin / Samoothiri |
| 'Ariyittu Vazhcha' was the coronation ceremony of | Zamorin |
| The annual conference of scholars all over India under the leadership of Zamorin | Revathi Pattathanam |
| Revathi Pattathanam is held at | Thali temple, Kozhikode |
| The Prime Minister of the Zamorin who announces the list of winners at Revathi Pattathanam | Mangat Achan* |
| The famous history book that discusses the origins of Kozhikode and Zamorins | Keralolpathi |
| Zamorin at the time of Vasco da Gama's arrival | Manavikraman Raja |
| The city of Kodungallur was captured from the Samoothiri in | 1504 |
| The naval chiefs of Zamorin of Kozhikode are known as | Kunjali Marakkar |
| First naval chief in the history of India | Kunjali Marakkar |
Viceroy of Portugal from 1524 to 1526
Henrique de Meneses
Zamorin of Kozhikode (1124 AD
1806 AD)
The dynasty which ruled Kozhikode at the time of arrival of the Portuguese
Nediyiruppu Swaroopam
The rulers of Kozhikode are known as
Zamorin / Samoothiri
'Ariyittu Vazhcha' was the coronation ceremony of
Zamorin
The annual conference of scholars all over India under the leadership of Zamorin
Revathi Pattathanam
Revathi Pattathanam is held at
Thali temple, Kozhikode
The Prime Minister of the Zamorin who announces the list of winners at Revathi Pattathanam*
Mangat Achan
The famous history book that discusses the origins of Kozhikode and Zamorins
Keralolpathi
Zamorin at the time of Vasco da Gama's arrival
Manavikraman Raja
The city of Kodungallur was captured from the Samoothiri in
1504
The naval chiefs of Zamorin of Kozhikode are known as
Kunjali Marakkar
First naval chief in the history of India
Kunjali Marakkar
* Time-sensitive data — verify for latest information
- Kunjali Marakkars of Kozhikode –
- •Kunjali Marakkar I / Ahmed Ali / Kuttyali Marakkar(1520-1531),
- •Kunjali Marakkar II / Poker Ali(1531 -1571),
- Kunjali Marakkar III / Pathu Marakkar /Pattu Marakkar(1571-1595) &(36)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| The Naval headquarters of Zamorin at the time of arrival of Vasco da Gama | Ponnani |
| The Portuguese viceroy attacked the city of Kozhikode | Albuquerque |
| The first naval force established on the Indian coast was led by | Kunjali Marakkar II |
| Name of the Fort built by the Portuguese to face the threat of Kunjali Maraikar | Chalium Fort / Mullammel Fort |
| The year in which Chalium Fort was built | 1531 |
| The Portuguese Viceroy / Governor who built Chalium Fort | Nuno da Cunha* |
| The fifth fort established by Portuguese in Kerala | Chalium Fort |
| The cannon aimed at the throat of Zamorin /സാമൂതിരിയുടെ കണ്ഠത്തിലേക്കു നീട്ടിയ പീരങ്കി | Chalium Fort |
| The naval chieftain who completely destroyed the Chalium Fort | Kunjali Marakkar III (1971) |
| The Marakkar had the title 'അറബിക്കടലിന്റെ സിംഹം/ Lion of the Arabian Sea' | Kunjali Marakkar III |
| The only Marakkar who had died of natural causes | Kunjali Marakkar III |
| The Marakar fort built under the leadership of Kunjali Marakkar III | Pudupattanam (On the banks of Akalapuzha) |
| The naval head who was known as the King of the Muslims (Malabar Moors) / Prince of Navigation | Kunjali Marakkar IV |
| Kunjali Marakkar who titled himself as Lord Captain of the Indian Oceans | Kunjali Marakkar IV |
| The last and fourth Kunjali Marakkar was assassinated by the Portuguese in | 1600 (Goa) |
| Kunjali Marakkar Memorial is located at | Iringal, Kozhikode |
| The year in which a Postal Stamp was released by the India Postal Department in honor of Kunjali Marakkar | 2000 |
| The Naval Air Station commissioned by the Indian Navy to honor Kunjali Marakkars | INS Kunjali |
| Commissioned in | 1 July 1954 (Mumbai) |
| New name of the Navy's Naval Air Station which was previously known as 'INS Kunjali' | INS Shikra |
| Location | Colaba, Mumbai |
| The First Malayalam movie based on the life and times of Kunjali Marakkar | Kunjali Marakkar (1967) |
| Directed by | S.S. Rajan |
| Lead Actor | Prem Nazir |
| Lyrics | P. Bhaskaran |
| Kunjali Marakkar | Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair |
| The Malayalam movie based on the life of Kunjali Marakkar | Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham |
| Directed by | Priyadarshan |
| Lead Actor | Mohanlal |
| Books about the Destruction of Chalium FortTuhfat-ul-MujahideenThe reference to the destruction of Chalium Fort can be found in the works of | Sheikh Zainuddin Makhdoom II's Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen.a 16th-century Muslim scholar from Ponnani |
| The first part of Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen describes | the need for the fight with the Portuguese |
| The Fourth part of Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen describes | the Portuguese Rule in Kerala.To whom the book Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen was submitted –Ali Adil Shah, the Sultan of Bijapur |
| The first historical work of Kerala written by a Keralite | Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen |
| A 16th-century Arabic poem glorifying the victory of Kunjali III, who helped the Zamorin to recapture the fort of Chaliam | Fathul Mubeen |
| Author of Fathul Mubeen | Qazi Muhammad |
| Malayalam meaning of the Arabic word 'Fathul Mubeen' | വ്യക്തമായ വിജയം |
The Naval headquarters of Zamorin at the time of arrival of Vasco da Gama
Ponnani
The Portuguese viceroy attacked the city of Kozhikode
Albuquerque
The first naval force established on the Indian coast was led by
Kunjali Marakkar II
Name of the Fort built by the Portuguese to face the threat of Kunjali Maraikar
Chalium Fort / Mullammel Fort
The year in which Chalium Fort was built
1531
The Portuguese Viceroy / Governor who built Chalium Fort*
Nuno da Cunha
The fifth fort established by Portuguese in Kerala
Chalium Fort
The cannon aimed at the throat of Zamorin /സാമൂതിരിയുടെ കണ്ഠത്തിലേക്കു നീട്ടിയ പീരങ്കി
Chalium Fort
The naval chieftain who completely destroyed the Chalium Fort
Kunjali Marakkar III (1971)
The Marakkar had the title 'അറബിക്കടലിന്റെ സിംഹം/ Lion of the Arabian Sea'
Kunjali Marakkar III
The only Marakkar who had died of natural causes
Kunjali Marakkar III
The Marakar fort built under the leadership of Kunjali Marakkar III
Pudupattanam (On the banks of Akalapuzha)
The naval head who was known as the King of the Muslims (Malabar Moors) / Prince of Navigation
Kunjali Marakkar IV
Kunjali Marakkar who titled himself as Lord Captain of the Indian Oceans
Kunjali Marakkar IV
The last and fourth Kunjali Marakkar was assassinated by the Portuguese in
1600 (Goa)
Kunjali Marakkar Memorial is located at
Iringal, Kozhikode
The year in which a Postal Stamp was released by the India Postal Department in honor of Kunjali Marakkar
2000
The Naval Air Station commissioned by the Indian Navy to honor Kunjali Marakkars
INS Kunjali
Commissioned in
1 July 1954 (Mumbai)
New name of the Navy's Naval Air Station which was previously known as 'INS Kunjali'
INS Shikra
Location
Colaba, Mumbai
The First Malayalam movie based on the life and times of Kunjali Marakkar
Kunjali Marakkar (1967)
Directed by
S.S. Rajan
Lead Actor
Prem Nazir
Lyrics
P. Bhaskaran
Kunjali Marakkar
Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair
The Malayalam movie based on the life of Kunjali Marakkar
Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham
Directed by
Priyadarshan
Lead Actor
Mohanlal
Books about the Destruction of Chalium FortTuhfat-ul-MujahideenThe reference to the destruction of Chalium Fort can be found in the works of
Sheikh Zainuddin Makhdoom II's Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen.a 16th-century Muslim scholar from Ponnani
The first part of Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen describes
the need for the fight with the Portuguese
The Fourth part of Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen describes
the Portuguese Rule in Kerala.To whom the book Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen was submitted –Ali Adil Shah, the Sultan of Bijapur
The first historical work of Kerala written by a Keralite
Tuhfat-ul-Mujahideen
A 16th-century Arabic poem glorifying the victory of Kunjali III, who helped the Zamorin to recapture the fort of Chaliam
Fathul Mubeen
Author of Fathul Mubeen
Qazi Muhammad
Malayalam meaning of the Arabic word 'Fathul Mubeen'
വ്യക്തമായ വിജയം
* Time-sensitive data — verify for latest information
War & Treaties between Portuguese & Zamorin(4)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| The battle of Kozhikode between the Portuguese and the Zamorin was in | 1510 |
| Kannur Treatywas signed between the Portuguese and the Zamorin in | 1513 |
| The battle of Kodungallur that happened between Zamothiri and the Kingdom of Kochi was in | 1514 |
| Ponnani Treatywas signed between the Portuguese and the Zamorin in | 1540 |
The battle of Kozhikode between the Portuguese and the Zamorin was in
1510
Kannur Treatywas signed between the Portuguese and the Zamorin in
1513
The battle of Kodungallur that happened between Zamothiri and the Kingdom of Kochi was in
1514
Ponnani Treatywas signed between the Portuguese and the Zamorin in
1540
Udayamperoor Sunnahadose / Synod of Diamper(5)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Udayamperur Sunnahadose was in | 1599 (June 20-26) |
| Udayamperur Sunnahadose was convened by the | Portuguese |
| The number of delegates who attended Udayamperur Sunnahadose | 813 |
| Udayamperur Sunnahados was presided by | Archbishop Aleixo de Menezes |
| The event that caused the Christians of Kerala to come under the jurisdiction of the Pope of Rome | Udayamperur Sunnahadose |
Udayamperur Sunnahadose was in
1599 (June 20-26)
Udayamperur Sunnahadose was convened by the
Portuguese
The number of delegates who attended Udayamperur Sunnahadose
813
Udayamperur Sunnahados was presided by
Archbishop Aleixo de Menezes
The event that caused the Christians of Kerala to come under the jurisdiction of the Pope of Rome
Udayamperur Sunnahadose
Oath of the Coonan Cross / Koonan Kurishu Sathyam(3)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| The 'Oath of the Coonan Cross' against the appointment of Latin Bishop took place in | 1653 |
| Oath of the Coonan Cross took place in | Mattancherry |
| The incident which marked the first permanent split among the St. Thomas Christians in Kerala | Oath of the Coonan Cross |
The 'Oath of the Coonan Cross' against the appointment of Latin Bishop took place in
1653
Oath of the Coonan Cross took place in
Mattancherry
The incident which marked the first permanent split among the St. Thomas Christians in Kerala
Oath of the Coonan Cross
Annexation of Goa(11)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| The year Goa was liberated from the Portuguese | 1961 |
| Name India's military operation to liberate Goa | Operation Vijay (19 December 1961).36-hour long mission |
| The Indian Prime Minister at the time of Goa liberation | Jawaharlal Nehru* |
| The Indian President at the time of Goa liberation | Rajendra Prasad |
| The Portuguese Governor General at the time of Goa liberation | Manuel António Vassalo e Silva* |
| Last PortugueseGovernor General of India and the 128th Viceroy of India | Manuel António Vassalo e Silva* |
| Name the other territories that were freed from Portuguese domination along with Goa in 1961 | Daman and Diu |
| First Lieutenant Governor of Goa | Lieutenant General Kunhiraman Palat Candeth* |
| India's sole referendum since independence took place in | January 16, 1967 (The Goa Opinion Poll) |
| Goa was granted statehood on | 30 May 1987 (25th state) |
| Name the constitutional amendment act by which Goa was integrated towards the Indian Union | the 12th Amendment |
The year Goa was liberated from the Portuguese
1961
Name India's military operation to liberate Goa
Operation Vijay (19 December 1961).36-hour long mission
The Indian Prime Minister at the time of Goa liberation*
Jawaharlal Nehru
The Indian President at the time of Goa liberation
Rajendra Prasad
The Portuguese Governor General at the time of Goa liberation*
Manuel António Vassalo e Silva
Last PortugueseGovernor General of India and the 128th Viceroy of India*
Manuel António Vassalo e Silva
Name the other territories that were freed from Portuguese domination along with Goa in 1961
Daman and Diu
First Lieutenant Governor of Goa*
Lieutenant General Kunhiraman Palat Candeth
India's sole referendum since independence took place in
January 16, 1967 (The Goa Opinion Poll)
Goa was granted statehood on
30 May 1987 (25th state)
Name the constitutional amendment act by which Goa was integrated towards the Indian Union
the 12th Amendment
* Time-sensitive data — verify for latest information
Portuguese Contributions to Kerala(15)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| The first printing press in India was started by | thePortuguese (Goa, 1556) |
| The European forces who established printing houses in Kochi and Vypin | Portuguese |
| The first European school in India was started by | thePortuguese (Kochi) |
| The Jesuit missionaries had arrived in Kerala during the period of | the Portuguese |
| The Portuguese built a palace for King Veerakeralavarma of Kochi in | Mattanchery (1555).It was later renovated by the Dutch and became known as the Dutch Palace (1663) |
| The European colonists who Encouraged Scientific Farming System in Kerala | Portuguese |
| Agricultural crops and fruits brought to India by the Portuguese | Pineapple,Tapioca,Pineapple,Cashew,Papaya,Tobacco,Guava,Chili,Nutmeg (ജാതിക്ക),Sugar-apple (ആത്തക്ക) |
| Tobacco cultivation in India was started by | thePortuguese (Kasarcode) |
| The European forces who pushed industrial-scale coconut cultivation in Kerala, and coir is the principal export product | thePortuguese |
| The Christian art form'Chavittu Natadam' was developed and popularized in Kerala by | thePortuguese |
| The oldest synagogue in the commonwealth was built by | thePortuguese (Mattancherry, 1567) |
| The first church built by the Portuguese in India | St. Francis Church (Kochi) |
| The first and the oldest seminary established by the Portuguese in Kerala | Vypinkotta Seminary.part of Muziris Heritage Site of Kerala |
| The architectural style introduced by the Portuguese to India in the 16th century | Gothic style |
| The churches that were built by the Portuguese in Gothic style in India | St. Francis Church, and The Basilica of Bom Jesus (Goa) |
The first printing press in India was started by
thePortuguese (Goa, 1556)
The European forces who established printing houses in Kochi and Vypin
Portuguese
The first European school in India was started by
thePortuguese (Kochi)
The Jesuit missionaries had arrived in Kerala during the period of
the Portuguese
The Portuguese built a palace for King Veerakeralavarma of Kochi in
Mattanchery (1555).It was later renovated by the Dutch and became known as the Dutch Palace (1663)
The European colonists who Encouraged Scientific Farming System in Kerala
Portuguese
Agricultural crops and fruits brought to India by the Portuguese
Pineapple,Tapioca,Pineapple,Cashew,Papaya,Tobacco,Guava,Chili,Nutmeg (ജാതിക്ക),Sugar-apple (ആത്തക്ക)
Tobacco cultivation in India was started by
thePortuguese (Kasarcode)
The European forces who pushed industrial-scale coconut cultivation in Kerala, and coir is the principal export product
thePortuguese
The Christian art form'Chavittu Natadam' was developed and popularized in Kerala by
thePortuguese
The oldest synagogue in the commonwealth was built by
thePortuguese (Mattancherry, 1567)
The first church built by the Portuguese in India
St. Francis Church (Kochi)
The first and the oldest seminary established by the Portuguese in Kerala
Vypinkotta Seminary.part of Muziris Heritage Site of Kerala
The architectural style introduced by the Portuguese to India in the 16th century
Gothic style
The churches that were built by the Portuguese in Gothic style in India
St. Francis Church, and The Basilica of Bom Jesus (Goa)
Famous Works on Portuguese Occupation in Kerala(16)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Malabar and the Portuguese (1929) | Sardar K.M. Panikkar |
| Kunjali Marakkars: Myth and Reality | K. J. John |
| The Silent Witness (Novel) | Anuradha |
| Also Refer:Arrival of Europeans: The DutchThe French: Arrival of the EuropeansPrevious Year PSC Questions on The Portuguese📝SideNotes:Papal States | also known as the Republic of Saint Peter / the Church States, mainly a large no. of territories of central Italy over which the Popes had sovereignty (given to Pope via a historic document known as the Donation of Pepin by Pepin the Short, king of the Franks) from a period of 756 to 1870 |
| First Portuguese traveler to India (land) | Pêro da Covilhã |
| The country with the highest proportion of Portuguese speakers | Brazil |
| The third largest city in Kerala | Kozhikode |
| Black Gold | Pepper |
| King of spices | Pepper |
| Prime Minister of Cochin | Paliath Achan* |
| Author of Keralolpathi | Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan |
| Name the author of the famous work 'TuhfatulMuwahhidin' | Raja Ram Mohan Roy |
| Author of Muhyadheen mala | Qazi Muhammad |
| The foreign traveler visited Chalium in 1343 | Ibn Battuta(a Muslim Moroccan scholar) |
| The smallest state in India | Goa(3702 sq. km.)Capital of Goa –Panaji |
| First Chief Minister of Goa | Pratap Singh Rane* |
Malabar and the Portuguese (1929)
Sardar K.M. Panikkar
Kunjali Marakkars: Myth and Reality
K. J. John
The Silent Witness (Novel)
Anuradha
Also Refer:Arrival of Europeans: The DutchThe French: Arrival of the EuropeansPrevious Year PSC Questions on The Portuguese📝SideNotes:Papal States
also known as the Republic of Saint Peter / the Church States, mainly a large no. of territories of central Italy over which the Popes had sovereignty (given to Pope via a historic document known as the Donation of Pepin by Pepin the Short, king of the Franks) from a period of 756 to 1870
First Portuguese traveler to India (land)
Pêro da Covilhã
The country with the highest proportion of Portuguese speakers
Brazil
The third largest city in Kerala
Kozhikode
Black Gold
Pepper
King of spices
Pepper
Prime Minister of Cochin*
Paliath Achan
Author of Keralolpathi
Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan
Name the author of the famous work 'TuhfatulMuwahhidin'
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Author of Muhyadheen mala
Qazi Muhammad
The foreign traveler visited Chalium in 1343
Ibn Battuta(a Muslim Moroccan scholar)
The smallest state in India
Goa(3702 sq. km.)Capital of Goa –Panaji
First Chief Minister of Goa*
Pratap Singh Rane
* Time-sensitive data — verify for latest information